Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. It typically manifests as pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads, mainly on the face, forehead, chest, upper back, and shoulders. Acne can be caused by various factors, including hormonal changes, diet, stress, and certain medications. It's most prevalent among teenagers, but it can affect people of all ages.
Common Symptoms:
- Whiteheads (closed plugged pores)
- Blackheads (open plugged pores)
- Small red, tender bumps (papules)
- Pimples (pustules) - red at the base with pus at the top
- Large, solid, painful lumps under the skin (nodules)
- Painful, pus-filled lumps under the skin (cystic lesions)
- Overall redness and tenderness in affected areas
- Dark spots or hyperpigmentation after acne lesions heal
- Scarring, which may appear as indentations, pits, or raised marks
These symptoms typically appear on the face, neck, chest, shoulders, upper back, and sometimes on the upper arms and buttocks. The severity of acne can range from mild (with occasional pimples) to severe (with widespread, inflamed, and painful cysts and nodules). It's important to note that acne can have psychological effects as well, potentially causing self-consciousness and social withdrawal in some individuals. If acne is causing distress or not responding to over-the-counter treatments, it's advisable to consult a medical provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Commonly Prescribed Medications:
- Tretinoin 0.025% (Retin-A)
- Benzoyl peroxide 5%, 10% Gel
- Clindamycin 1% solution (Cleocin T)
- Spironolactone 25mg, 50mg, 100mg
- Doxycycline 20 mg
- Doxycycline hyclate 100 mg
- Tazarotene 0.1% cream (Tazorac) 30 grams
- Azelaic acid 15% gel Azelec) 50 grams
Further Reading:
1. American Academy of Dermatology Association on acne
2. Mayo Clinic's guide to acne
3. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases on acne